Adolescent obesity in the USA

•Empowering parents and caregivers with simpler, more actionable messages about nutritional choices based on the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans [14]; improved labels on food and menus that provide clear information to help make healthy choices for children; reduced marketing of unhealthy products to children; and improved health care services, including BMI measurement for all children.•Features of a food of children, in school are an important measure of prevention of many diseases, or, conversely, are the cause of pathological conditions. In this regard, body overweight and obesity prevention is one of the most important areas of work of school institutions. When designing the system for preventing obesity in schoolchildren it should be borne in mind, two main areas.•Improving access to healthy, affordable food, useful nutrition belongs to the most important determinants of health. Proper child nutrition - is one of the most important conditions for determining the balanced growth, adequate morphological and functional maturation of various organs and tissues, the optimal performance of psychomotor and intellectual development as well as resistance to infection and other adverse environmental effects factors. For each period of childhood characterized by the features of growth and development, the degree of morphological and functional maturation of various organs and systems, specific physiological and metabolizing processes. In this regard, the power of children should also wear differentiated according to their age•Getting children more physically active, through quality physical education, recess, and other opportunities in and after school; addressing aspects of the “built environment” that make it difficult for children to walk or bike safely in their communities; and improving access to safe parks, playgrounds, and indoor and outdoor recreational facilities. Regular physical activity is an important component healthy lifestyle. In childhood and adolescence are formed patterns of behavior that are important for the present and long-term health and well-being. Scientific studies have shown that physical activity has a significant positive impact on the health of children and adolescents, in particular the risk of their excess weight, obesity and diabetes, as well as on the state of the musculoskeletal system. It should be noted that in recent decades the physical activity of children and adolescents falls, and their participation in sedentary occupations increases. Low levels of physical activity can persist into adulthood. Lack of physical activity during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of overweight and obesity, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases, cancer and osteoporosis later in life. On the other hand, good physical development and a high level of physical activity of children and adolescence associated with a lower risk of these diseases.•Social marketingThe methods are using of advertising for the benefit of society (social marketing) is growing interest in connection with the publication of data that such approaches can successfully promote increase consumption of fruit and vegetables by schoolchildren. Financing such social marketing could implement manufacturers or food advertisers by deductions from income tax, proportional to the volume of sales. Such a model has been it applied in the 1990s. In California, where the legislation provides for the use of tax Tobacco sales to fund television advertising aimed against smoking, and measures to combat smoking in schools. According to the most general definition, social marketing provides information, health-related, using traditional methods of advertising. It is focused on the population in general or targeted risk groups, based on the assumption that the call to convince him recipients to change their lifestyle and make healthier choices. This view is put the basis for the definition of social marketing, which was adopted by the British National Centre social marketing for improvement and reads: “The systematic application of concepts and marketing techniques to achieve specific behavioral goals relevant public good”.•Health ServicesSince intervention on the basis of general practice achieved some successalso in other areas of public health, such as reducing smoking, the scope ofhealth care is a potential field of application strategiesto promote physical activity. Reviews of studies on measuresintervention in physical activity on the basis of general practice has shownthat the evidence in favor of such measures, are not convincingor achieved positive results are short-lived.Doctors may try to promote physical activity through the discharge linesor orders of the occupation of physical therapy. The results of a controlled experiment,on the impact of regulations, showed a moderate short-termincreasing physical activity. For general practitioners written targetedprescription of physical therapy sessions, issued in addition to word of mouth,they are a convenient means of motivating patients to increase physical activity.ConclusionThe problems of healthy lifestyle the US high school students, provided in national studies, reports and records, it is necessary to emphasize their versatility and diversity. What problems are characteristic of a healthy lifestyle for children and adolescents of the USA? Extremely important for the understanding of the marked problem gets the fact that among students in American high schools there were cases of alcohol and drug abuse, smoking, early sexual behavior, which determines an unwanted pregnancy and diseases that are sexually transmitted, but these issues have gained relevance and spread in high school. We emphasize that according to statistics, the main obstacles of a healthy lifestyle, typical for middle school students, and for high school students were obese, depression and school violence.After analyzing the above-mentioned national statistical research on existing problems destructive behavior of the younger generation of the United States, it is worth noting a general deterioration of the health of children and the negative trends in the observance of healthy lifestyle US schoolchildren. The special attention of experts focused on the issues of obesity, depression and school violence among US children and adolescents; they were the dominant obstacle formation and observance of healthy lifestyle of American students. In the process of maintaining the health of young Americans, scientists have noted that the fight against the dominant issues of healthy lifestyle the US high school students are priority tasks of the family and the school. In the long term follow-up studies in this area should consider the process of interaction between the family and the school as one of the conditions for the effective formation of a healthy way of life of American teenagers.References1. Dietary Guidelines for Americans http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2. C. Ogden, M. Carroll, B Kit et al., “Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012,” JAMA, vol. 311, no. 8 (2014), pp. 806-814.3. G. Singh and M. Kogan, “Childhood Obesity in the United States, 1976-2008: Trends and Current Racial/Ethnic, Socioeconomic, and Geographic Disparities,” HHS, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Rockville, MD, 2010.4. National Survey of Children’s Health 2011/12, Percent of children whose weight status is at or above the 85th percentile for Body Mass Index (BMI) (age 10-17), http://childhealthdata.org/browse/rankings/maps?s=84.5. Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency. America's Children in Brief: Key National Indicators of Well-Being,2012.6. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. Child Health USA 2012.7. Cook S et al. Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 2003, 157(8):821–827.8. The Surgeon General’s Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation 2010 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services9. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2009).Healthy Kids, Healthy Communities: Supporting Community Action to Prevent Childhood Obesity. Retrieved from: http://www.healthykidshealthycommunities.org/.